Tuesday, July 29, 2008

Binary Search Tree in Java with Generics

This post is more about generics than the actual implementation of the binary search tree. I tried to implement some of the suggestions in the developerworks articles titled "Java theory and practice: Going wild with generics". The Binary Search Tree of this example uses the first two suggestions. The rest are equally helpful though.
  1. A generic factory method that allows you to avoid redundantly specifying type parameters
    public static<T extends Comparable<? super T>> BinarySearchTree<T> createTestTree() 
    Can be used as shown below.
    BinarySearchTree<Test> tree = BinarySearchTree.createTestTree();
  2. By using bounded wildcards, we can now construct a tree with both the super and sub-class type objects.
    public class BinarySearchTree<T extends Comparable<? super T>> 
  3. The get-put principle
    Use an extends wildcard when you only get values out of a structure, use a super wildcard when you only put values into a structure, and don't use a wildcard when you do both.
  4. Wildcard capture: Use a generic method as a capture helper to workaround compiler's limitations dealing with wildcards. (refer to the article "Java theory and practice: Going wild with generics, Part 1")
Following is the complete source code
package trees;

import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

public class BinarySearchTree<T extends Comparable<? super T>> {

private Entry<T> root;

public BinarySearchTree() {
root = null;
}

public static<T extends Comparable<? super T>> BinarySearchTree<T> createTestTree() {
return new BinarySearchTree<T>();
}

public void insert(T value) {
root = insert(value, root);
}


public void remove(T value) {
root = remove(value, root);
}

public boolean contains(T value) {
return valueOf(find(value, root)) != null;
}

private T valueOf(Entry<T> entry) {
return entry == null ? null : entry.element;
}

private Entry<T> insert(T value, Entry<T> entry) {
if (entry == null)
entry = new Entry<T>(value);
else if (value.compareTo(entry.element) < 0)
entry.left = insert(value, entry.left);
else if (value.compareTo(entry.element) > 0)
entry.right = insert(value, entry.right);
else
throw new RuntimeException("Duplicate Entry : " + value.toString());
return entry;
}

private Entry<T> remove(T value, Entry<T> entry) {
if (entry == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException("Entry not found : " + value.toString());
if (value.compareTo(entry.element) < 0)
entry.left = remove(value, entry.left);
else if (value.compareTo(entry.element) > 0)
entry.right = remove(value, entry.right);
else {
// Entry found.
if (entry.left != null && entry.right != null) {

// Replace with in-order successor (the left-most child of the right subtree)
entry.element = findMin(entry.right).element;
entry.right = removeInorderSuccessor(entry.right);

// Replace with in-order predecessor (the right-most child of the left subtree)
// entry.element = findMax(entry.left).element;
// entry.left = removeInorderPredecessor(entry.left);
} else
entry = (entry.left != null) ? entry.left : entry.right;
}
return entry;
}

private Entry<T> removeInorderSuccessor(Entry<T> entry) {
if (entry == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
else if (entry.left != null) {
entry.left = removeInorderSuccessor(entry.left);
return entry;
} else
return entry.right;
}

private Entry<T> removeInorderPredecessor(Entry<T> entry) {
if (entry == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
else if (entry.right != null) {
entry.right = removeInorderPredecessor(entry.right);
return entry;
} else
return entry.left;
}

private Entry<T> findMin(Entry<T> entry) {
if (entry != null)
while (entry.left != null)
entry = entry.left;

return entry;
}

private Entry<T> findMax(Entry<T> entry) {
if (entry != null)
while (entry.right != null)
entry = entry.right;

return entry;
}

private Entry<T> find(T value, Entry<T> entry) {
while (entry != null) {
if (value.compareTo(entry.element) < 0)
entry = entry.left;
else if (value.compareTo(entry.element) > 0)
entry = entry.right;
else
return entry;
}

return null;
}

private void printInOrder(Entry<T> entry) {
if (entry != null) {
printInOrder(entry.left);
System.out.println(entry.element);
printInOrder(entry.right);
}
}

public void printInOrder() {
printInOrder(root);
}

private static class Entry<T extends Comparable<? super T>> {
T element;
Entry<T> left;
Entry<T> right;

Entry(T theElement) {
element = theElement;
left = right = null;
}
}

private static class Test implements Comparable<Test> {
private String value;

public Test(String value) {
this.value = value;
}

public String toString() {
return value;
}

@Override
public int compareTo(Test o) {
return this.value.compareTo(o.toString());
}
}

private static class Test1 extends Test {
public Test1(String value) {
super(value);
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
BinarySearchTree<Test> tree = BinarySearchTree.createTestTree();
int size = 20;

for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
tree.insert(new Test1(String.valueOf(i)));
}

tree.insert(new Test1("100"));
tree.remove(new Test1("10"));
tree.remove(new Test1(String.valueOf(15)));
tree.remove(new Test1(String.valueOf(20)));
tree.printInOrder();
System.out.println("Contains (10) : " + tree.contains(new Test1("10")));
System.out.println("Contains (11) : " + tree.contains(new Test1(String.valueOf(11))));
}

}
References

2 comments:

Popular Posts